The states and territories are responsible for monitoring and managing the use, transport and disposal of radioactive materials under their control in accordance with state and territory acts and regulations. These acts and regulations are administered by state and territory radiation safety authorities.

The Australian Government is responsible for monitoring and managing radioactive materials in the departments and agencies under its control. The use, transport and disposal of radioactive materials by Australian Government bodies are regulated by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA).